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Zometool - Johnson Solids

Introduction

A Johnson solid is a strictly convex polyhedron, each face of which is a regular polygon, but which is not uniform. It is not necessary that each face must be the same polygon, or that the same polygons join around each vertex.

In 1966, Norman Johnson published a list which included all 92 solids, and gave them their names and numbers [1]. He did not prove that there were only 92, but he did conjecture that there were no others. Victor Zalgaller in 1969 proved that Johnson's list was complete.

For more information on the Johnson solids visit Wikipedia - Johnson Solid.

Zometool Models

You cannot construct all Johnson solids with Zometool but most of them. When the model contains only struts of one size and color, the model is exact. If the model contains struts of different colors and sizes the model is a close approximation of the Johnson Solid.

The images were rendered in ZomePad. Click on the image to enlarge the view.

Quick Links

ca = close approximation

J1 - Square Pyramid
J2 - Pentagonal Pyramid
J3 - Triangular Cupola
J4 - Square Cupola (ca)
J5 - Pentagonal Cupola
J6 - Pentagonal Rotunda
J7 - Elongated Triangular Pyramid (ca)
J8 - Elongated Square Pyramid (ca)
J9 - Elongated Pentagonal Pyramid (ca)
J11 - Gyroelongated Pentagonal Pyramid (Diminished Icosahedron)
J13 - Pentagonal Bipyramid (ca)
J15 - Elongated Square Bipyramid (ca)
J16 - Elongated Pentagonal Bipyramid (ca)
J18 - Elongated Triangular Cupola (ca)
J19 - Elongated Square Cupola (ca)
J20 - Elongated Pentagonal Cupola (ca)
J21 - Elongated Pentagonal Rotunda (ca)
J28 - Square Orthobicupola (ca)
J30 - Pentagonal Orthobicupola (ca)
J32 - Pentagonal Orthocupolarotunda
J33 - Pentagonal Gyrocupolarotunda (ca)
J34 - Pentagonal Orthobirotunda (ca)
J38 - Elongated Pentagonal Orthobicupola (ca)
J39 - Elongated Pentagonal Gyrobicupola (ca)
J40 - Elongated Pentagonal Orthocupolarotunda (ca)
J41 - Elongated Pentagonal Gyrocupolarotunda (ca)
J42 - Elongated Pentagonal Orthobirotunda (ca)
J43 - Elongated Pentagonal Gyrobirotunda (ca)
J58 - Augmented Dodecahedron (ca)
J59 - Parabiaugmented Dodecahedron (ca)
J60 - Metabiaugmented Dodecahedron (ca)
J61 - Triaugmented Dodecahedron (ca)
J62 - Metabidiminished Icosahedron
J63 - Tridiminished Icosahedron
J64 - Augmented Tridiminished Icosahedron (ca)
J65 - Augmented Truncated Tetrahedron
J66 - Augmented Truncated Cube (ca)
J67 - Biaugmented Truncated Cube (ca)
J76 - Diminished Rhombicosidodecahedron
J80 - Parabidiminished Rhombicosidodecahedron
J81 - Metabidiminished Rhombicosidodecahedron
J83 - Tridiminished Rhombicosidodecahedron
J86 - Sphenocorona (ca)
J91 - Bilunabirotunda
J92 - Triangular Hebesphenorotunda

Derived Johnson Solids

6J91 - "6 Bilunabirotundae around a cube"

J1 - Square Pyramid

Bilunabirotunda

The Square Pyramid has 5 vertices, 8 edges and 5 faces: 4 triangles, 1 square.

To construct the Square Pyramid, you need:
5
8 (G0, G1 or G2 size)

J2 - Pentagonal Pyramid

Pentagonal Pyramid

The Pentagonal Pyramid has 6 vertices, 10 edges and 6 faces: 5 triangles, 1 pentagon.

To construct the Pentagonal Pyramid, you need:
6
10 (B0, B1 or B2 size)

J3 - Triangular Cupola

Triangular Cupola

The Triangular Cupola has 9 vertices, 15 edges and 8 faces: 4 triangles, 3 squares, 1 hexagon.

To construct the Triangular Cupola, you need:
9
15 (G0, G1 or G2 size)

J4 - Square Cupola

(close approximation)

Square Cupola

The Square Cupola has 12 vertices, 20 edges and 10 faces: 4 triangles, 5 squares, 1 octagon.

To construct the Square Cupola as close approximation, you need:
12
8 (B2)
12 (G1)

J5 - Pentagonal Cupola

Pentagonal Cupola

The Pentagonal Cupola has 15 vertices, 25 edges and 12 faces: 5 triangles, 5 squares, 1 pentagon, 1 decagon.

To construct the Pentagonal Cupola, you need:
15
25 (B0, B1 or B2 size)

J6 - Pentagonal Rotunda

Pentagonal Rotunda

The Pentagonal Rotunda has 20 vertices, 35 edges and 17 faces: 10 triangles, 6 pentagons, 1 decagon.

To construct the Pentagonal Rotunda, you need:
20
35 (B0, B1 or B2 size)

J7 - Elongated Triangular Pyramid

(close approximation)

Elongated Triangular Pyramid

The Elongated Triangular Pyramid has 7 vertices, 12 edges and 7 faces: 4 triangles, 3 squares.

To construct the Elongated Triangular Pyramid as close approximation, you need:
7
3 (Y2)
9 (G1)

J8 - Elongated Square Pyramid

(close approximation)

Elongated Square Pyramid

The Elongated Square Pyramid has 9 vertices, 16 edges and 9 faces: 4 triangles, 5 squares.

To construct the Elongated Square Pyramid as close approximation, you need:
9
4 (B1)
12 (G1)

J9 - Elongated Pentagonal Pyramid

(close approximation)

Elongated Pentagonal Pyramid

The Elongated Pentagonal Pyramid has 11 vertices, 20 edges and 11 faces: 5 triangles, 5 squares, 1 pentagon.

To construct the Elongated Pentagonal Pyramid as close approximation, you need:
11
15 (B1)
5 (R1)

J11 - Gyroelongated Pentagonal Pyramid (Diminished Icosahedron)

Gyroelongated Pentagonal Pyramid

The Gyroelongated Pentagonal Pyramid (Diminished Icosahedron) has 11 vertices, 25 edges and 16 faces: 15 triangles, 1 pentagon.

To construct the Gyroelongated Pentagonal Pyramid, you need:
11
25 (B0, B1 or B2 size)

J13 - Pentagonal Bipyramid

(close approximation)

Pentagonal Bipyramid

The Pentagonal Bipyramid has 7 vertices, 15 edges and 10 faces: 10 triangles.

To construct the Pentagonal Bipyramid, you need:
7
10 (B0, B1 or B2 size)
5 (R0, R1 or R2 size)

J15 - Elongated Square Bipyramid

(close approximation)

Elongated Square Bipyramid

The Elongated Square Bipyramid has 10 vertices, 20 edges and 12 faces: 8 triangles, 4 squares.

To construct the Elongated Square Bipyramid, you need:
10
4 (B0, B1 or B2 size)
16 (G0, G1 or G2 size)

J16 - Elongated Pentagonal Bipyramid

(close approximation)

Elongated Pentagonal Bipyramid

The Elongated Pentagonal Bipyramid has 12 vertices, 25 edges and 15 faces: 10 triangles, 5 squares.

To construct the Elongated Pentagonal Bipyramid, you need:
12
15 (B0, B1 or B2 size)
10 (R0, R1 or R2 size)

J18 - Elongated Triangular Cupola

(close approximation)

Elongated triangular cupola

The Elongated Triangular Cupola has 15 vertices, 27 edges and 14 faces: 4 triangles, 9 squares, 1 hexagon.

To construct the Elongated Triangular Cupola, you need:
15
6 (Y0, Y1 or Y2 size)
21 (G0, G1 or G2 size)

J19 - Elongated Square Cupola

(close approximation)

Elongated Square Cupola

The Elongated Square Cupola has 20 vertices, 36 edges and x faces: 4 triangles, 13 squares, 1 octagon.

To construct the Elongated square cupola, you need:
20
18 (B0, B1 or B2 size)
16 (G0, G1 or G2 size)

J20 - Elongated Pentagonal Cupola

(close approximation)

Elongated Pentagonal Cupola

The Elongated Pentagonal Cupola has 25 vertices, 45 edges and 22 faces: 5 triangles, 15 squares, 1 pentagon, 1 decagon.

To construct the Elongated Pentagonal Cupola, you need:
25
35 (B0, B1 or B2 size)
10 (R0, R1 or R2 size)

J21 - Elongated Pentagonal Rotunda

(close approximation)

Elongated Pentagonal Rotunda

The Elongated Pentagonal Rotunda has 30 vertices, 55 edges and 27 faces: 10 triangles, 10 squares, 6 pentagons, 1 decagon.

To construct the Elongated Pentagonal Rotunda, you need:
30
45 (B0, B1 or B2 size)
10 (R0, R1 or R2 size)

J28 - Square Orthobicupola

(close approximation)

Square Orthobicupola

The Square Orthobicupola has 16 vertices, 32 edges and 18 faces: 8 triangles, 10 squares.

To construct the Square Orthobicupola, you need:
16
12 (B0, B1 or B2 size)
20 (G0, G1 or G2 size)

J30 - Pentagonal Orthobicupola

(close approximation)

Pentagonal orthobicupola

The Pentagonal Orthobicupola has 20 vertices, 40 edges and 22 faces: 10 triangles, 10 squares, 2 pentagons.

To construct the Pentagonal Orthobicupola, you need:
20
30 (B0, B1 or B2 size)
10 (R0, R1 or R2 size)

J32 - Pentagonal Orthocupolarotunda

Pentagonal orthocupolarotunda

The Pentagonal Orthocupolarotunda has 25 vertices, 50 edges and 30 faces: 15 triangles, 5 squares, 7 pentagons.

To construct the Pentagonal Orthocupolarotunda, you need:
25
50 (B0, B1 or B2 size)

J33 - Pentagonal Gyrocupolarotunda

(close approximation)

Pentagonal Gyrocupolarotunda

The Pentagonal Gyrocupolarotunda has 25 vertices, 50 edges and 30 faces: 15 triangles, 5 squares, 10 pentagons.

To construct the Pentagonal Gyrocupolarotunda, you need:
25
40 (B0, B1 or B2 size)
10 (R0, R1 or R2 size)

J34 - Pentagonal Orthobirotunda

(close approximation)

Pentagonal Orthobirotunda

The Pentagonal Orthobirotunda has 30 vertices, 60 edges and 32 faces: 20 triangles, 12 pentagons.

To construct the Pentagonal Orthobirotunda, you need:
x
40 (B0, B1 or B2 size)
10 (Y0, Y1 or Y2 size)
10 (R0, R1 or R2 size)

J38 - Elongated Pentagonal Orthobicupola

(close approximation)

Elongated Pentagonal Orthobicupola

The Elongated Pentagonal Orthobicupola has 30 vertices, 60 edges and 32 faces: 10 triangles, 20 squares, 2 pentagons.

To construct the Elongated Pentagonal Orthobicupola, you need:
30
40 (B0, B1 or B2 size)
20 (R0, R1 or R2 size)

J39 - Elongated Pentagonal Gyrobicupola

(close approximation)

Elongated Pentagonal Gyrobicupola

The Elongated Pentagonal Gyrobicupola has 30 vertices, 60 edges and 32 faces: 10 triangles, 20 squares, 2 pentagons.

To construct the Elongated Pentagonal Gyrobicupola, you need:
30
50 (B0, B1 or B2 size)
10 (R0, R1 or R2 size)

J40 - Elongated Pentagonal Orthocupolarotunda

(close approximation)

Elongated Pentagonal Orthocupolarotunda

The Elongated Pentagonal Orthocupolarotunda has 35 vertices, 70 edges and 37 faces: 15 triangles, 15 squares, 7 pentagons.

To construct the Elongated Pentagonal Orthocupolarotunda, you need:
35
60 (B0, B1 or B2 size)
10 (R0, R1 or R2 size)

J41 - Elongated Pentagonal Gyrocupolarotunda

(close approximation)

Elongated Pentagonal Gyrocupolarotunda

The Elongated Pentagonal Gyrocupolarotunda has 35 vertices, 70 edges and 37 faces: 15 triangles, 15 squares, 7 pentagons.

To construct the Elongated Pentagonal Gyrocupolarotunda, you need:
35
50 (B0, B1 or B2 size)
20 (R0, R1 or R2 size)

J42 - Elongated Pentagonal Orthobirotunda

(close approximation)

Elongated Pentagonal Orthobirotunda

The Elongated Pentagonal Orthobirotunda has 40 vertices, 80 edges and 42 faces: 20 triangles, 10 squares, 12 pentagons.

To construct the Elongated Pentagonal Orthobirotunda, you need:
40
50 (B0, B1 or B2 size)
10 (Y0, Y1 or Y2 size)
20 (R0, R1 or R2 size)

J43 - Elongated Pentagonal Gyrobirotunda

(close approximation)

Elongated Pentagonal Gyrobirotunda

The Elongated Pentagonal Gyrobirotunda has 40 vertices, 80 edges and 42 faces: 20 triangles, 10 squares, 12 pentagons.

To construct the Elongated Pentagonal Gyrobirotunda, you need:
40
70 (B0, B1 or B2 size)
10 (R0, R1 or R2 size)

J58 - Augmented Dodecahedron

(close approximation)

Augmented Dodecahedron

The Augmented Dodecahedron has 21 vertices, 35 edges and 16 faces: 5 triangles, 11 pentagons.

To construct the Augmented Dodecahedron, you need:
21
30 (B0, B1 or B2 size)
5 (R0, R1 or R2 size)

J59 - Parabiaugmented Dodecahedron

(close approximation)

Parabiaugmented Dodecahedron

The Parabiaugmented Dodecahedron has 22 vertices, 40 edges and 20 faces: 10 triangles, 10 pentagons.

To construct the Parabiaugmented Dodecahedron, you need:
22
30 (B0, B1 or B2 size)
10 (R0, R1 or R2 size)

J60 - Metabiaugmented Dodecahedron

(close approximation)

Metabiaugmented Dodecahedron

The Metabiaugmented Dodecahedron has 22 vertices, 40 edges and 20 faces: 10 triangles, 10 pentagons.

To construct the Metabiaugmented Dodecahedron, you need:
22
30 (B0, B1 or B2 size)
10 (R0, R1 or R2 size)

J61 - Triaugmented Dodecahedron

(close approximation)

Triaugmented Dodecahedron

The Triaugmented Dodecahedron has 23 vertices, 45 edges and 24 faces: 15 triangles, 9 pentagons.

To construct the Triaugmented Dodecahedron, you need:
23
30 (B0, B1 or B2 size)
15 (R0, R1 or R2 size)

J62 - Metabidiminished Icosahedron

Metabidiminished Icosahedron

The Metabidiminished Icosahedron has 10 vertices, 20 edges and 12 faces: 10 triangles, 2 pentagons.

To construct the Metabidiminished Icosahedron, you need:
10
20 (B0, B1 or B2 size)

J63 - Tridiminished Icosahedron

Tridiminished Icosahedron

The Tridiminished Icosahedron has 9 vertices, 15 edges and 8 faces: 5 triangles, 3 pentagons.

To construct the Tridiminished Icosahedron, you need:
9
15 (B0, B1 or B2 size)

J64 - Augmented Tridiminished Icosahedron

(close approximation)

Augmented Tridiminished Icosahedron

The Augmented Tridiminished Icosahedron has 10 vertices, 18 edges and 10 faces: 7 triangles, 3 pentagons.

To construct the Augmented Tridiminished Icosahedron, you need:
10
15 (B0, B1 or B2 size)
3 (Y0, Y1 or Y2 size)

J65 - Augmented Truncated Tetrahedron

Augmented Truncated Tetrahedron

The Augmented Truncated Tetrahedron has 15 vertices, 27 edges and 14 faces: 8 triangles, 3 squares, 3 hexagons.

To construct the Augmented Truncated Tetrahedron, you need:
15
27 (G0, G1 or G2 size)

J66 - Augmented Truncated Cube

(close approximation)

Augmented Truncated Cube

The Augmented Truncated Cube has 28 vertices, 48 edges and 22 faces: 12 triangles, 5 squares, 5 octagons.

To construct the Augmented Truncated Cube, you need:
28
16 (B0, B1 or B2 size)
32 (G0, G1 or G2 size)

J67 - Biaugmented Truncated Cube

(close approximation)

Biaugmented Truncated Cube

The Biaugmented Truncated Cube has 32 vertices, 60 edges and 30 faces: 16 triangles, 10 squares, 4 octagons.

To construct the Biaugmented Truncated Cube, you need:
32
20 (B0, B1 or B2 size)
40 (G0, G1 or G2 size)

J76 - Diminished Rhombicosidodecahedron

Diminished Rhombicosidodecahedron

The Diminished Rhombicosidodecahedron has 55 vertices, 105 edges and 52 faces: 15 triangles, 25 squares, 11 pentagons, 1 decagon.

To construct the Diminished Rhombicosidodecahedron, you need:
55x
105 (B0, B1 or B2 size)

J80 - Parabidiminished Rhombicosidodecahedron

Parabidiminished Rhombicosidodecahedron

The Parabidiminished Rhombicosidodecahedron has 50 vertices, 90 edges and 42 faces: 10 triangles, 20 squares, 10 pentagons, 2 decagons.

To construct the Parabidiminished Rhombicosidodecahedron, you need:
50
90 (B0, B1 or B2 size)

J81 - Metabidiminished Rhombicosidodecahedron

Metabidiminished Rhombicosidodecahedron

The Metabidiminished Rhombicosidodecahedron has 50 vertices, 90 edges and 42 faces: 10 triangles, 20 squares, 10 pentagons, 2 decagons.

To construct the Metabidiminished Rhombicosidodecahedron, you need:
50
90 (B0, B1 or B2 size)

J83 - Tridiminished Rhombicosidodecahedron

Tridiminished Rhombicosidodecahedron

The Tridiminished Rhombicosidodecahedron has 45 vertices, 75 edges and 32 faces: 5 triangles, 15 squares, 9 pentagons, 3 decagons.

To construct the Tridiminished Rhombicosidodecahedron, you need:
45
75 (B0, B1 or B2 size)

J86 - Sphenocorona

(close approximation)

Sphenocorona

The Sphenocorona has 10 vertices, 22 edges and 14 faces: 12 triangles, 2 squares.

To construct the Sphenocorona, you need:
10
18 (B0, B1 or B2 size)
6 (Y0, Y1 or Y2 size)

J91 - Bilunabirotunda

Bilunabirotunda

The Bilunabirotunda has 14 vertices, 26 edges and 14 faces: 8 triangles, 2 squares, 4 pentagons. See this YouTube video for the construction and animated views of the Bilunabirotunda.

To construct the Bilunabirotunda, you need:
14
26 (B0, B1 or B2 size)

Bilunabirotundae - Parallel Projection
Bilunabirotundae - Parallel Projection

J92 - Triangular Hebesphenorotunda

Triangular Hebesphenorotunda

The Triangular Hebesphenorotunda has 18 vertices, 36 edges and 20 faces: 13 triangles, 3 squares, 3 pentagons, 1 hexagon.

To construct the Triangular Hebesphenorotunda, you need:
18
36 (B0, B1 or B2 size)

Derived Johnson Solids

6J91 - "6 Bilunabirotundae around a cube"

6 Bilunabirotundae around a cube

The "6 Bilunabirotundae around a cube" has 56 vertices, 120 edges and 54 faces: 24 triangles, 6 squares, 24 pentagons. See this YouTube video for the construction and animated views of the 6 Bilunabirotundae model.

To construct the "6 Bilunabirotundae around a cube", you need:
56
120 (B0, B1 or B2 size)

6 Bilunabirotundae around a cube - Parallel Projection
6 Bilunabirotundae around a cube - Parallel Projection

References

[1] Johnson, Norman W. (1966), "Convex polyhedra with regular faces", Canadian Journal of Mathematics 18: 169-200